The article argues that targeted cash transfers represent a feasible, scalable mechanism to end extreme poverty, noting that previous growth-based models have stalled since 2015. Evidence from existing evaluations demonstrates that unconditional cash transfers positively impact consumption, health, and education without discouraging labor force participation. To move beyond small pilots, the authors propose initiating a national-scale "proof-of-concept" program, funded by private capital and embedded within a government structure. This approach is crucial not only for immediate poverty reduction but also for generating the necessary evidence to build state capacity and enable global replication of the model.
How schools can help to cultivate intellectual humility in America’s students
English Summary
The Brookings analysis highlights intellectual humility—the willingness to seek out viewpoints that challenge one's own beliefs—as a critical developmental virtue for American students. Research indicates that while this capacity is vital for individual growth and national well-being, it is inherently difficult to cultivate, particularly during adolescence. The core finding is that schools are uniquely positioned to support this development but require structured guidance and specialized tools. Policy implications suggest that educational institutions must integrate intentional programs into the curriculum to foster critical thinking and intellectual openness among middle and high school students.
中文摘要
布魯金斯的研究分析強調「知性謙和」（intellectual humility）——即願意尋求挑戰自身信念的觀點——是美國學生一個關鍵的發展美德。研究指出，雖然這種能力對於個人成長和國家福祉至關重要，但其培養本身極具挑戰性，尤其是在青少年時期。核心發現是，學校處於獨特的地位來支持此類發展，但需要結構化的指導和專業工具。政策意涵表明，教育機構必須將有意的課程計畫整合到學程中，以促進中學生和高中生群體的批判性思維和知性開放。
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Europe has emerged as a global leader in sanctioning Russia's 'shadow fleet,' significantly increasing its vessel designations and improving coordination with the UK and U.S. However, the analysis finds that these European sanctions alone have had only a limited impact on overall Russian oil exports from the Baltic Sea due to gaps in coverage. To maximize pressure on Russian revenue, the report argues that comprehensive action requires either the U.S. implementing broader secondary sanctions or Europe aggressively holding flag states accountable for oversight of flagged vessels. Collectively, these measures are necessary to significantly strengthen the enforcement of G7 price caps and constrain Russia's oil trade.