The article argues that the Federal Reserve's recent rate hike decision, while justifiable on inflation grounds, highlights a critical lack of an underlying, transparent policy framework. The core problem is that the Fed's decisions appear discretionary, leading to market uncertainty because the committee's judgment, rather than clear data, dictates policy shifts. The author proposes that the Fed adopt a formal monetary policy rule—an algebraic formula linking the target rate to indicators like inflation and unemployment—to replace subjective guidance. Implementing such a rule would provide market predictability, enhance transparency, and shield the Fed from political attacks by making deviations from the standard easily quantifiable.
Digital Surveillance in Africa: Power, Agency, and Rights
English Summary
Africa is emerging as a critical, yet under-discussed, arena for advanced digital surveillance, where foreign tech corporations are supplying sophisticated spyware, facial recognition, and AI tools. This technology is being deployed by increasingly authoritarian regimes across the continent, often with minimal oversight from weak domestic regulatory bodies or civil society. The resulting 'technological panopticon' empowers these governments to repress populations and collect personal data, frequently flouting existing privacy protections. This trend not only strengthens repressive state power but also funnels significant profits to foreign companies, posing a major challenge to human rights and democratic development across the region.
中文摘要
非洲正逐漸成為一個關鍵但討論不足的數位監控領域。在此，外國科技公司供應著高度複雜的間諜軟體、臉部識別技術和人工智慧工具。這些技術正被該大陸日益威權的政權所部署，而這些政權往往缺乏來自國內監管機構或公民社會的有效監督。由此形成的「技術性全景監控」（technological panopticon）賦予了這些政府壓制民眾和收集個人資料的能力，並頻繁規避現有的隱私保護。這一趨勢不僅強化了威權國家權力，也將巨額利潤導向外國公司，對整個地區的人權和民主發展構成了重大挑戰。
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