The article argues that recent executive overreach and politicization have severely undermined established norms of U.S. civil-military relations. To restore professional standards, the incoming Congress must actively exercise its oversight powers, moving beyond mere criticism to demanding transparency in defense policy and personnel decisions. Key reforms include enforcing meritocratic promotion processes, requiring documented justification for senior officer removals, and preventing the partisan use of the military. These actions are crucial for bolstering public trust and ensuring the military remains a nonpartisan instrument of civilian control.
Income-driven repayment for federal student loans: From ICR to RAP
English Summary
The federal student loan system is undergoing a major overhaul via the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, consolidating multiple complex Income-Driven Repayment plans into a single Repayment Assistance Plan (RAP). While IDR was designed to align payments with earnings and provide insurance against poor job outcomes, its historical generosity has often functioned as an unintended subsidy or 'back-door grant,' leading to system complexity and high taxpayer costs. The new RAP aims to simplify this structure, but the transition itself is highly complex, requiring significant administrative effort from an understaffed federal agency. Policymakers must therefore carefully balance the benefits of payment smoothing for borrowers against the fiscal risks associated with these expansive loan subsidies.
中文摘要
聯邦學生貸款系統正透過《一項宏大美好法案》（One Big Beautiful Bill Act）進行大規模改革，將多個複雜的「收入導向還款計畫」（Income-Driven Repayment plans, IDR）整合為單一的「還款援助計畫」（Repayment Assistance Plan, RAP）。儘管IDR最初旨在使繳款與收入掛鉤，並為職涯發展不順提供保障，但其歷史上的慷慨性往往使其成為一種非預期的補貼或「隱性撥款」，導致系統複雜化和高額的納稅人成本。新的RAP目標是簡化這一結構，然而，轉型過程本身極度複雜，要求一個人員不足的聯邦機構投入巨大的行政資源。因此，政策制定者必須謹慎權衡為借款人提供的繳款平穩化效益，與這些擴張性貸款補貼所帶來的財政風險。
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