The article argues that the post-Cold War era of U.S. unipolarity, established by the perceived invincibility demonstrated during the Gulf War, has ended. This decline is driven by globalization and technological diffusion, which have democratized advanced military capabilities, allowing regional actors to challenge major powers. Consequently, policymakers must prepare for a more volatile international order marked by frequent crises, heightened costs for securing global trade chokepoints, and reduced predictability from American power. The new rules dictate that great powers can no longer effortlessly impose their will through force.
Making family, school, and community engagement integral to Zanzibar’s learning ecosystem
English Summary
While recognizing its importance, Zanzibar's education system currently treats family and community engagement (FSCE) as a peripheral add-on rather than an integral component of learning across all levels. This systemic gap is attributed to the Ministry of Education lacking a clear central vision for FSCE and failing to establish a dedicated unit responsible for overseeing these efforts. To improve educational outcomes, policy must shift toward embedding comprehensive FSCE principles into core education frameworks. The report recommends that government bodies, civil society, and donors adopt sustained institutional strategies to ensure family involvement is foundational to the entire learning ecosystem.
中文摘要
雖然承認其重要性，但桑給巴爾的教育體系目前將家庭和社區參與（FSCE）視為邊緣的附加項目，而非所有層級學習中不可或缺的核心組成部分。這種系統性差距歸因於教育部缺乏明確的中央願景來推動FSCE，且未能設立專門監管這些工作的單位。為了改善教育成果，政策必須轉向將全面的FSCE原則嵌入到核心教育框架之中。報告建議政府機構、公民社會和捐助方應採取持續的制度性策略，確保家庭參與成為整個學習生態系統的基礎。
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