The article outlines how a successful modern foreign policy career requires blending traditional diplomatic expertise with private sector acumen. Juster's career trajectory—from international law to high-stakes diplomacy (e.g., the Gulf War) and subsequently to the technology sector—demonstrates this synthesis. Key evidence includes his work managing complex negotiations under duress and his involvement in co-founding the U.S.-India High Technology Group. The implication for policy is that effective geopolitical strategy must actively integrate private sector knowledge and technological considerations to manage modern economic and security challenges.
Financial aid for students without financial need: What does it mean for public policy?
English Summary
This Brookings analysis examines the policy implications of colleges offering financial aid to students without financial need, a practice driven by revenue generation and exacerbated by structural pressures within higher education. The core finding is that increased price transparency is crucial to correcting misperceptions and empowering students to make informed decisions, though it doesn't address the root cause of rising costs. Key evidence highlights the ‘Baumol’s cost disease,’ where the service-oriented nature of higher education leads to persistent cost increases despite productivity stagnation, alongside demand-side pressures for amenities and enrollment of higher-income students. Ultimately, the analysis suggests that public policy should focus on providing sufficient funding for higher education, particularly at public institutions, to mitigate these structural financial constraints.
中文摘要
本布基寧克報告分析了大學向無經濟需求學生提供財務援助的政策影響，這種做法受到營收增長驅動並加劇了高等教育內部的結構性壓力。核心結論是，提高價格透明度對於糾正誤解並賦予學生做出明智決策至關重要，儘管它沒有解決日益上升成本的根本原因。關鍵證據突顯了『巴烏姆爾的疾病』現象，即高等教育服務導向的性質導致儘管生產力停滯，成本仍然持續增加，同時伴隨著對設施和高收入學生就讀人數的需求端壓力。最終，分析表明公共政策應側重於為高等教育提供充足的資金，尤其是在公立大學，以減輕這些結構性財政限制。
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The Brookings report argues that closing long-term fiscal deficits cannot be achieved solely by taxing high earners or corporations. Analysis shows that the required savings necessitate broad-based tax increases that would significantly impact middle and lower-income families, as targeted taxes on the wealthy are insufficient. The report notes that high-tax OECD nations achieve high revenues through broad consumption taxes (like VAT) rather than exclusively through highly progressive taxes on the rich. Consequently, any major tax-funded deficit solution would impose a substantial burden on the working class, potentially without the comprehensive social benefits enjoyed by European counterparts.
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