Despite significant damage to its naval fleet, shipyards, and production facilities from recent strikes, Iran is expected to quickly reconstitute its military industrial base. This reconstitution relies heavily on importing dual-use components, such as machine tools, drone parts, and marine engines, through alternative routes like Pakistan or China. To counter this threat, the report advises that policymakers must extend sanctions mechanisms—particularly 'no reexport' clauses—and proactively engage third countries with direct access to Iran. Furthermore, monitoring allied firms dealing with key suppliers in China and Turkey is crucial to slowing down and raising the cost of necessary procurements.
Will AI in education succeed?
English Summary
The Brookings report argues that the success of AI in education is not determined by the technology itself, but by robust underlying support systems. Evidence from past EdTech rollouts shows that for AI to succeed, it must function as a complement to—not a replacement for—human teachers, and deployment requires reliable infrastructure (connectivity, power) and teacher capacity. Policy implications stress moving beyond input metrics toward evidence-based reforms; thus, AI's immediate value may lie in institutional support tasks (e.g., administration), while policymakers must prioritize building local decision-making capacity and achieving stakeholder consensus on the core purpose of education.
中文摘要
布魯金斯報告指出，人工智慧在教育中的成功並非由技術本身決定，而是取決於穩固的基礎支持系統。過去的教育科技推行經驗顯示，若要讓AI取得成效，它必須作為人類教師的補充而非替代品；同時，部署亦要求可靠的基礎設施（如連線和電力）以及提升教師的能力。政策上的啟示強調，改革應超越單純的投入指標，轉向循證模式；因此，AI的即時價值可能體現在機構支持任務（例如行政管理），而政策制定者必須優先建立地方決策能力，並就教育的核心目的達成所有利害關係人的共識。
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