The article argues that recent executive overreach and politicization have severely undermined established norms of U.S. civil-military relations. To restore professional standards, the incoming Congress must actively exercise its oversight powers, moving beyond mere criticism to demanding transparency in defense policy and personnel decisions. Key reforms include enforcing meritocratic promotion processes, requiring documented justification for senior officer removals, and preventing the partisan use of the military. These actions are crucial for bolstering public trust and ensuring the military remains a nonpartisan instrument of civilian control.
Governing Growth: U.S. Industrial Policy From Hamilton to Trump
English Summary
The analysis argues that government intervention has been a consistently central feature of U.S. economic development, tracing the practice from Alexander Hamilton's early use of tariffs to modern subsidies. Historically, industrial policy has been deployed not only to correct market failures and foster growth but also to manage social cohesion and address regional disparities. Contemporary administrations, including Biden and Trump, leverage these policies for a combination of national security goals and perceived political necessity to support workers left behind by globalization. This suggests that industrial policy is a permanent, powerful tool used to manage both global economic competition and domestic political pressures, making it a critical area for strategic focus.
中文摘要
本分析指出，政府干預一直是美國經濟發展中一個持續的核心特徵，追溯了從亞歷山大·漢密爾頓早期使用關稅到現代補貼的實踐。從歷史角度來看，產業政策不僅用於糾正市場失靈和促進增長，也用於管理社會凝聚力及應對區域不平衡。包括拜登和川普在內的當代政府，利用這些政策結合國家安全目標和所謂的政治必要性，以支持那些被全球化浪潮拋下的工人階級。這表明，產業政策是一種永久且強大的工具，用於管理全球經濟競爭和國內政治壓力，使其成為一個必須進行戰略關注的關鍵領域。
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