Despite significant damage to its naval fleet, shipyards, and production facilities from recent strikes, Iran is expected to quickly reconstitute its military industrial base. This reconstitution relies heavily on importing dual-use components, such as machine tools, drone parts, and marine engines, through alternative routes like Pakistan or China. To counter this threat, the report advises that policymakers must extend sanctions mechanisms—particularly 'no reexport' clauses—and proactively engage third countries with direct access to Iran. Furthermore, monitoring allied firms dealing with key suppliers in China and Turkey is crucial to slowing down and raising the cost of necessary procurements.
The New Politics of Nationalism in Contemporary Europe
English Summary
The resurgence of nationalism is a major challenge in contemporary Europe, manifesting in diverse forms—from right-wing populism in Poland and France to regionalist movements in Catalonia and Scotland. This trend is undermining the continent's integration by directing anti-EU and anti-federalist discourse against established political norms. The resulting fragmentation, exemplified by various nationalisms competing for attention, threatens stable political coalitions and arrangements across the continent. Policymakers must address this deep-seated political tension to mitigate the risk of further instability and geopolitical conflict.
中文摘要
民族主義的復興是當代歐洲面臨的主要挑戰，其表現形式多樣——從波蘭和法國的右翼民粹主義，到加泰隆尼亞和蘇格蘭的區域主義運動。此一趨勢正透過針對既有政治規範的反歐盟和反聯邦主義論述，削弱大陸的整合進程。由此產生的碎片化，例如各種民族主義相互競爭關注，威脅著整個大陸穩定的政治聯盟和安排。政策制定者必須應對這種根深蒂固的政治緊張局勢，以減緩進一步不穩定和地緣政治衝突的風險。
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