The article argues that recent executive overreach and politicization have severely undermined established norms of U.S. civil-military relations. To restore professional standards, the incoming Congress must actively exercise its oversight powers, moving beyond mere criticism to demanding transparency in defense policy and personnel decisions. Key reforms include enforcing meritocratic promotion processes, requiring documented justification for senior officer removals, and preventing the partisan use of the military. These actions are crucial for bolstering public trust and ensuring the military remains a nonpartisan instrument of civilian control.
Global Governance Under Fire: How International Organizations Resist the Populist Wave
English Summary
International organizations are deploying a 'defensive playbook' to resist populist and nationalist assaults that manifest as withdrawals or internal disruptions. These responses include two main strategies: sidestepping populists, such as the World Bank doing when data was withheld, or attempting appeasement by adjusting rules (WTO) or offering favorable terms (IMF). The research concludes that institutional resilience is not achieved through a single tactic but requires employing a full mix of strategies while maintaining cooperation with governments committed to multilateral interdependence. Policymakers should recognize this adaptive necessity for IOs to manage global fragmentation.
中文摘要
國際組織正部署一套「防禦方略」，以抵抗表現為退出或內部動盪的民粹主義和民族主義衝擊。這些應對措施包含兩大策略：一是規避民粹主義者，例如世界銀行在資料被扣留時採取的行動；二是透過調整規則（如WTO）或提供優惠條件（如IMF）來試圖安撫各方。研究結論指出，機構韌性並非單一戰術所能達成，而是必須採用全面策略組合，同時與致力於多邊相互依賴的政府保持合作關係。政策制定者應認識到這一適應性必要性，以協助國際組織管理全球碎片化。
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