The article argues that recent executive overreach and politicization have severely undermined established norms of U.S. civil-military relations. To restore professional standards, the incoming Congress must actively exercise its oversight powers, moving beyond mere criticism to demanding transparency in defense policy and personnel decisions. Key reforms include enforcing meritocratic promotion processes, requiring documented justification for senior officer removals, and preventing the partisan use of the military. These actions are crucial for bolstering public trust and ensuring the military remains a nonpartisan instrument of civilian control.
Feminist Freedom: An African Vision
English Summary
Salami's work challenges the binary debate over whether feminism is an 'African' concept, arguing instead that modern African feminist thought requires its own theoretical framework. The analysis critiques Eurocentrism for ignoring the emotional, symbolic, and cultural dynamics that shape gender relations, instead focusing on local concepts like *ubuntu* (humanity). Key evidence includes examining how African women confront both internal patriarchal pressures and external international systems that often treat them merely as victims. For policy, this suggests that effective interventions must move beyond generic Western models, requiring deep integration of local philosophical and cultural understandings of gender and humanity.
中文摘要
薩拉米（Salami）的研究挑戰了關於女性主義是否為「非洲概念」的二元辯論，主張現代非洲女性主義思潮需要建立其獨特的理論框架。該分析批判了歐洲中心主義，指出其忽略了塑造性別關係的情感、象徵和文化動態，而過分側重於本地概念，例如「ubuntu」（人道精神）。關鍵證據包括檢視非洲女性如何同時應對內部的父權壓力以及外部的國際體系，這些體系往往僅將她們視為受害者。因此，在政策層面，這表明有效的干預措施必須超越泛泛的西方模式，需要將本地的哲學和文化對性別及人性的理解進行深度整合。
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