The article outlines how a successful modern foreign policy career requires blending traditional diplomatic expertise with private sector acumen. Juster's career trajectory—from international law to high-stakes diplomacy (e.g., the Gulf War) and subsequently to the technology sector—demonstrates this synthesis. Key evidence includes his work managing complex negotiations under duress and his involvement in co-founding the U.S.-India High Technology Group. The implication for policy is that effective geopolitical strategy must actively integrate private sector knowledge and technological considerations to manage modern economic and security challenges.
Report to Congress on Iran’s Nuclear Program and UN Sanctions Reimposition
English Summary
This Congressional Research Service report examines the reimposition of UN sanctions on Iran following the E3's invocation of the JCPOA snapback mechanism in August 2025, which took effect in September 2025 and indefinitely extended Security Council oversight of Iran's nuclear program. The report notes that IAEA inspectors were withdrawn from Iran in June 2025 after U.S.-Israeli airstrikes on Iranian nuclear facilities, leaving the status of Iran's enrichment program unclear. Subsequent strikes beginning in February 2026 have further complicated verification efforts, as the IAEA has been unable to inspect affected sites. The indefinite extension of sanctions and loss of inspection access create significant challenges for diplomatic efforts and nonproliferation monitoring.
中文摘要
本報告由美國國會研究服務處（CRS）撰寫，探討歐洲三國（E3）於2025年8月援引《聯合全面行動計畫》（JCPOA）回彈機制後，聯合國對伊朗制裁重新生效之情勢。該制裁於2025年9月正式實施，無限期延長安理會對伊朗核計畫之監督。報告指出，2025年6月美國與以色列對伊朗核設施實施空襲後，國際原子能總署（IAEA）檢查員已撤離伊朗，致使伊朗濃縮計畫之現況不明。自2026年2月起之後續軍事打擊進一步增加核查工作之複雜性，IAEA迄今無法進入受影響設施進行檢查。制裁之無限期延長與檢查管道之喪失，對外交斡旋及核不擴散監控構成重大挑戰。
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