The article argues that modern conflicts are increasingly defined by attrition, driven by three strategic gaps: the difference between nominal military power and usable capacity; the difficulty of achieving breakthroughs in a technologically advanced battlefield; and the detachment of military means from clear political objectives. Evidence from Ukraine and the Middle East demonstrates that sustained logistics, rapid technological adaptation, and proxy networks are now more decisive than sheer military size. For policymakers, this implies a strategic shift away from seeking short, decisive victories toward preparing for prolonged, high-cost engagements, requiring a focus on sustainable supply chains and defining concrete, attainable political end-states.
How is the US-Israel war on Iran impacting energy and the global economy?
English Summary
The US-Israel war on Iran has caused significant spikes in global energy and gas prices, threatening long-term damage to the region's energy sector and broader economy. Experts highlight the evolving energy and economic implications, including risks to energy supply, trade flows, inflation, and a broader shift towards economic fragmentation and heightened geopolitical uncertainty. Gulf economies are navigating these pressures by assessing their resilience and developing policy responses to recover within this volatile global environment.
中文摘要
美國-以色列對伊朗的戰爭已導致全球能源和天然氣價格大幅飆升，威脅到該地區能源部門和整體經濟的長期損害。專家們強調了不斷演變的能源和經濟影響，包括對能源供應、貿易流量、通貨膨脹的風險，以及向經濟碎片化和地緣政治不確定性加劇的更廣泛轉變。海灣經濟體正在評估其韌性並制定政策應對措施，以在這個動盪的全球環境中復甦，從而應對這些壓力。
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