Despite significant damage to its naval fleet, shipyards, and production facilities from recent strikes, Iran is expected to quickly reconstitute its military industrial base. This reconstitution relies heavily on importing dual-use components, such as machine tools, drone parts, and marine engines, through alternative routes like Pakistan or China. To counter this threat, the report advises that policymakers must extend sanctions mechanisms—particularly 'no reexport' clauses—and proactively engage third countries with direct access to Iran. Furthermore, monitoring allied firms dealing with key suppliers in China and Turkey is crucial to slowing down and raising the cost of necessary procurements.
The Lasting Wounds of the War in Ukraine
English Summary
As the conflict in Ukraine continues, the primary focus is shifting from active combat to the profound post-war challenges of societal recovery. The article argues that when the war concludes, both Ukraine and Russia will face the massive undertaking of reintegrating thousands of veterans. This process requires significant state resources to provide long-term physical, mental, and financial support to service members. Consequently, both Kyiv and Moscow must prioritize comprehensive policy planning and allocate substantial financial capital to manage these lasting societal wounds, ensuring stability and preventing internal crises.
中文摘要
隨著烏克蘭衝突的持續，主要焦點正從實戰轉移至深刻的戰後社會復原挑戰。本文論述，當戰爭終結時，烏克蘭和俄羅斯兩國都將面臨整合數以千計退役軍人的艱鉅任務。此一過程需要大量的國家資源，以提供長期生理、心理和財務支持給服役人員。因此，基輔和莫斯科必須將制定全面的政策規劃列為首要任務，並分配實質的財政資本來處理這些持久的社會創傷，從而確保國家穩定並預防內部危機。
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