The article argues that recent executive overreach and politicization have severely undermined established norms of U.S. civil-military relations. To restore professional standards, the incoming Congress must actively exercise its oversight powers, moving beyond mere criticism to demanding transparency in defense policy and personnel decisions. Key reforms include enforcing meritocratic promotion processes, requiring documented justification for senior officer removals, and preventing the partisan use of the military. These actions are crucial for bolstering public trust and ensuring the military remains a nonpartisan instrument of civilian control.
American Mathematics Educator Survey: 2026 Technical Documentation and Survey Results
English Summary
The American Mathematics Educator Study (AMES) investigates systemic barriers to ensuring high-quality, equitable mathematics learning opportunities from elementary school through college pathways. The research is necessitated by record declines in student math achievement, particularly among Black, Hispanic, and low-income students, as evidenced by NAEP scores. Key obstacles include inequitable access to rigorous courses, student tracking, and inadequate instructional materials for teachers. The findings are intended to inform policy and educational practice by detailing critical factors that influence curriculum, teacher preparation, and overall student learning experiences.
中文摘要
美國數學教育研究（AMES）調查了從小學到大學學習階段，確保高品質、公平數學學習機會所面臨的系統性障礙。由於 NAEP 測驗成績顯示，學生數學成就，特別是黑人、西班牙裔和低收入群體的成就出現了創紀錄的下降，因此進行此項研究。主要障礙包括難以公平取得高階課程、學生分流，以及教師缺乏足夠的教學材料。本研究旨在透過詳述影響課程、教師準備和整體學生學習經驗的關鍵因素，為政策制定和教育實踐提供參考資訊。
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