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First Ukraine, Now Iran: A New Era of Drone Warfare Takes Hold

CFR | 2026-03-19 | defense

Topics: AI, China, Europe, Indo-Pacific, Middle East, Nuclear, Russia, Ukraine, United States

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English Summary

The article argues that the convergence of low-cost drone technology and precision guidance has ushered in an era of 'precise mass' warfare, first demonstrated in Ukraine and now fully manifest in the U.S.-Iran conflict surrounding Operation Epic Fury. The authors highlight a critical cost-exchange imbalance: defending against $20,000-$50,000 Shahed-136 drones requires interceptors costing $125,000 to $4 million each, rapidly depleting limited air defense stockpiles across the Gulf states and potentially drawing down Indo-Pacific reserves needed to deter China. The implications are stark—the U.S. must dramatically increase investment in attritable, scalable systems like LUCAS beyond the current 0.5% of defense spending, as precise mass capabilities are becoming a permanent feature of modern warfare that empowers both great powers and lesser states alike.

中文摘要

本文主張,低成本無人機技術與精準導引的匯流已開啟「精準量產」戰爭時代,此一趨勢首先於烏克蘭戰場展現,如今在美國與伊朗圍繞「史詩之怒行動」的衝突中全面顯現。作者指出一項關鍵的成本交換失衡:攔截單價僅兩萬至五萬美元的沙希德-136無人機,所需攔截彈造價卻高達十二萬五千至四百萬美元,這將迅速耗盡波灣各國有限的防空庫存,並可能抽調印太地區用以嚇阻中國的儲備。其影響極為嚴峻——美國必須大幅增加對LUCAS等可消耗、可規模化系統的投資,超越目前僅佔國防支出百分之零點五的水準,因為精準量產能力正成為現代戰爭的永久特徵,賦予大國與中小型國家同等的作戰能力。

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