The article argues that modern conflicts are increasingly defined by attrition, driven by three strategic gaps: the difference between nominal military power and usable capacity; the difficulty of achieving breakthroughs in a technologically advanced battlefield; and the detachment of military means from clear political objectives. Evidence from Ukraine and the Middle East demonstrates that sustained logistics, rapid technological adaptation, and proxy networks are now more decisive than sheer military size. For policymakers, this implies a strategic shift away from seeking short, decisive victories toward preparing for prolonged, high-cost engagements, requiring a focus on sustainable supply chains and defining concrete, attainable political end-states.
Moscow internet blackouts: the Kremlin tightens its grip on Russia’s digital space
English Summary
The Kremlin is implementing widespread internet blackouts and censorship, extending to major cities like Moscow and St. Petersburg, to tighten its grip on Russia's digital space, citing security and national control. These measures include banning popular social media and messaging apps while promoting state-controlled alternatives, impacting daily life and suppressing protests for internet freedom. The shutdowns have caused significant economic disruption, costing local businesses millions daily and threatening small and medium-sized enterprises with bankruptcy. This aggressive digital control strategy reflects the regime's growing anxieties and will likely test the public's tolerance and potential for dissent.
中文摘要
克里姆林宮正在俄羅斯境內實施大規模網路斷訊和審查制度，甚至擴展至莫斯科和聖彼得堡等主要城市，以收緊對俄羅斯數位空間的控制。當局聲稱此舉是出於安全和國家管制的考量。這些措施包括禁用熱門社群媒體和訊息應用程式，同時推廣國家控制的替代方案，此舉不僅影響了民眾的日常生活，也壓制了為網路自由而發起的抗議活動。網路中斷已造成嚴重的經濟破壞，導致當地企業每天損失數百萬美元，並威脅中小型企業面臨破產。這種激進的數位控制策略反映了政權日益增長的不安，並可能考驗公眾的容忍度和潛在異議。
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