The article argues that recent executive overreach and politicization have severely undermined established norms of U.S. civil-military relations. To restore professional standards, the incoming Congress must actively exercise its oversight powers, moving beyond mere criticism to demanding transparency in defense policy and personnel decisions. Key reforms include enforcing meritocratic promotion processes, requiring documented justification for senior officer removals, and preventing the partisan use of the military. These actions are crucial for bolstering public trust and ensuring the military remains a nonpartisan instrument of civilian control.
Reduced-Credit Bachelor’s Degrees in Ohio: Opportunities, Constraints, and Field-Level Feasibility
English Summary
The report analyzes Reduced-Credit Bachelor's Degrees (RCDs) as a response to concerns over student debt and time-to-degree in higher education. RCDs, which require fewer than 120 credits, show the highest feasibility in applied fields like IT and business, while those with extensive clinical or licensure requirements present significant constraints. While accreditors are open to these pathways, successful implementation requires clear academic justification and careful state oversight, as highlighted by Ohio's new legislation. Policymakers must address critical uncertainties regarding credit transfer, professional licensure, and employer recognition to prevent the creation of a two-tier credential system. Strategic adoption of RCDs could benefit adult learners seeking efficient degree completion but necessitates robust safeguards to maintain academic rigor and portability.
中文摘要
本報告分析了「減學分學士學位」（Reduced-Credit Bachelor's Degrees, RCDs），視其為應對高等教育領域學生債務和畢業時間過長等擔憂的解決方案。RCDs 要求學分少於 120 個，在資訊科技（IT）和商務等應用性強的領域展現出最高的實施可行性；然而，對於需要大量臨床或專業執照要求的學位，則存在顯著限制。儘管認證機構對此類學習路徑持開放態度，但成功的推行仍需明確的學術依據和審慎的州級監管，正如俄亥俄州的最新立法所強調的。 政策制定者必須解決關於學分轉移、專業執照和雇主認可等關鍵不確定性，以防止形成雙層資憑體系。戰略性地採用 RCDs 有望惠及尋求高效完成學業的成人學習者，但同時也要求建立強健的保障機制，以維持學術嚴謹性和學位流動性。
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