Despite significant damage to its naval fleet, shipyards, and production facilities from recent strikes, Iran is expected to quickly reconstitute its military industrial base. This reconstitution relies heavily on importing dual-use components, such as machine tools, drone parts, and marine engines, through alternative routes like Pakistan or China. To counter this threat, the report advises that policymakers must extend sanctions mechanisms—particularly 'no reexport' clauses—and proactively engage third countries with direct access to Iran. Furthermore, monitoring allied firms dealing with key suppliers in China and Turkey is crucial to slowing down and raising the cost of necessary procurements.
Exploring Opportunities For European Rearmament Through Ukraines Experience And Indo Pacific Partnerships
English Summary
The paper argues that Ukraine’s wartime defense-industrial adaptation offers a practical model for European rearmament under prolonged high-intensity conflict conditions. It attributes Ukraine’s resilience to three factors: restructuring domestic defense production, rapidly diversifying and hardening supply chains, and building flexible external industrial partnerships beyond Europe. The analysis highlights the growing strategic relevance of Indo-Pacific actors such as South Korea, Japan, and Taiwan for technology and components, while noting that dependence on China remains both operationally important and geopolitically risky. For European strategy, the report implies that rearmament planning should prioritize industrial agility, supplier diversification, and broader cross-regional defense partnerships to strengthen long-term resilience.
中文摘要
該論文主張，在長期高強度衝突條件下，烏克蘭於戰時推動的國防工業調適，為歐洲再武裝提供了可操作的實務模型。論文將烏克蘭的韌性歸因於三項因素：重組國內國防生產、快速推動供應鏈多元化並提升其抗毀性，以及在歐洲之外建立具彈性的外部產業夥伴關係。分析並強調，南韓、日本與台灣等印太行為者在技術與零組件方面的戰略重要性日益提升；同時指出，對中國的依賴在作業層面仍具關鍵性，但亦伴隨地緣政治風險。就歐洲戰略而言，報告意涵在於再武裝規劃應優先強化產業敏捷性、供應商多元化，以及更廣泛的跨區域國防夥伴合作，以提升長期韌性。
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