The U.S. is drastically reducing core funding to multilateral institutions, withdrawing from numerous bodies due to perceived misalignment with national interests. While multilateral channels offer critical advantages—such as pooling resources for global public goods and managing risk in fragile settings—the U.S.'s funding remains heavily 'earmarked,' which effectively 'bilateralizes' the system and undermines shared burden-sharing. This practice, coupled with deep cuts, diminishes the multilateral system's effectiveness and efficiency, particularly in humanitarian aid. Policy recommendations suggest the U.S. must adopt a systematic, published strategy for aid channel choice and shift from restrictive project-level earmarking to broader thematic funding to restore global cooperation.
From Illegal Garimpo To Good Governance Strengthening Responses To Illicit Gold In The Brazilian Amazon
English Summary
Illicit gold mining (garimpo) poses a critical threat to the Amazon basin's biodiversity, climate stability, and indigenous populations. The crisis is fueled by the sector's high informality (estimated at 75-85%) and its deep entanglement with organized crime networks, leading to extensive deforestation and mercury pollution. Policy must therefore move beyond simple enforcement to strengthen governance, addressing the nexus between economic incentives, illegal resource extraction, and human rights. Coordinated international and national strategies are required to reconcile economic development with the urgent need for environmental preservation.
中文摘要
非法黃金採礦（garimpo）對亞馬遜盆地的生物多樣性、氣候穩定性及原住民群體構成嚴重威脅。這場危機源於該行業的高度非正規化（估計佔75-85%），以及其與有組織犯罪網絡的深度牽連，導致了大規模的森林砍伐和水銀污染。因此，政策制定必須超越單純的執法層面，轉而強化治理，處理經濟激勵、非法資源開採和人權之間的複雜關聯點。需要協調國際和國家層面的策略，以調和經濟發展與迫切的環境保護需求。
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